Music as a form of therapy, as it is used in neonatology, unfolds its effect on different levels: rhythmic tones or humming can give premature and newborn babies a sense of structure and thus security. Through rhythm, they experience their own breathing, learn to regulate it and thus be able to calm themselves. Furthermore, the participation of parents in music therapy sessions promotes the parent-child relationship. Older, critically ill children experience in music therapy a possibility to express themselves, produce sounds on their own or to simply relax.